Niebezpieczne związki. Antykomunizm, antyamerykanizm,… tożsamość narodowa i rusofila w działalności i ideologii francuskiego Frontu Narodowego z antysemityzmem w tle

Abstrakt

The French National Front was formed in 1972-1973 as a result of structural and ideological
changes in the extreme antiliberal right wing. It was an electoral emanation of the neo-nazi
organization New Order. In the 1980s National Front led by Jean-Marie Le Pen occupied
a significant position on the French political stage. The party was distinctly anticommunistic
in character. Due to the adoption of ideology of the so-called new right wing an Alain de
Benoist group, after the communist block fall the question of French national identity came
into importance. Said identity was threatened by globalistic tendencies and immigrant influx
particularly from Maghreb countries. Criticizing the USA as world’s capitalistic center and
promoting demagogic slogans allowed the National Front to claim voters of communist
party and to aim at rising above the division into left and right wing. In such circumstances
Putin’s Russia became the Front’s most significant support. Adoption of the so-called euro-
Asian vision of uniting Europe solidified this relationship. Marine Le Pen’s growing influence
caused the ideological modernization through the so-called de-devilment of the Front, i.e. the
rejection of anti-Semitic and racist slogans. The creation of the mainstream political parties
“republican barrier” successfully prevents the Front from gaining a more important say in
state government.
Key words: political parties, extreme right wing, National Front, France, nationalism,
xenophobia